MCQs on Research Methodology SET-5
41. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
A) Age
B) Gender
C) Income
D) Test scores
Answer: D) Test scores
42. What is the term for a systematic error in measurement that leads to consistent underestimation or overestimation of the true value?
A) Random error
B) Sampling error
C) Bias
D) Variability
Answer: C) Bias
43. Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?
A) Test-retest reliability
B) Internal consistency reliability
C) Inter-rater reliability
D) Construct reliability
Answer: D) Construct reliability
44. Which type of validity refers to the degree to which a study’s findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?
A) Internal validity
B) External validity
C) Construct validity
D) Content validity
Answer: B) External validity
45. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle governing research involving human subjects?
A) Respect for persons
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Honesty
Answer: D) Honesty
46. What type of research design is characterized by the researcher’s direct involvement in the research setting?
A) Experimental
B) Ex post facto
C) Observational
D) Correlational
Answer: C) Observational
47. What is the term for a measure’s consistency or stability over time?
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Generalizability
D) Replicability
Answer: B) Reliability
48. Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Snowball sampling
D) Systematic sampling
Answer: C) Snowball sampling
49. What is the term for a type of research that seeks to describe and understand phenomena in their natural settings?
A) Experimental research
B) Quantitative research
C) Qualitative research
D) Mixed-methods research
Answer: C) Qualitative research
50. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Range
D) Mode
Answer: C) Range