11. Which of the following is a qualitative data collection method?
A) Surveys
B) Experiments
C) Interviews
D) Observational studies
Answer: C) Interviews
12. What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
A) To receive the experimental treatment
B) To provide a baseline for comparison
C) To collect primary data
D) To identify gaps in existing knowledge
Answer: B) To provide a baseline for comparison
13. What is a variable in research?
A) A constant factor that does not change
B) A factor that is manipulated by the researcher
C) A characteristic or attribute that can vary
D) A numerical measurement of a sample
Answer: C) A characteristic or attribute that can vary
14. What is the significance level commonly set at in hypothesis testing?
A) 0.01
B) 0.05
C) 0.10
D) 0.50
Answer: B) 0.05
15. Which type of research is focused on investigating cause-and-effect relationships?
A) Descriptive research
B) Correlational research
C) Exploratory research
D) Experimental research
Answer: D) Experimental research
16. What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A) The variable being manipulated by the researcher
B) A variable that interferes with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
C) The dependent variable
D) The control variable
Answer: B) A variable that interferes with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
17. What is the main advantage of random sampling in research?
A) It ensures a representative sample
B) It is convenient and cost-effective
C) It allows for causal relationships to be established
D) It guarantees a large sample size
Answer: A) It ensures a representative sample
18. What is a cross-sectional research design?
A) A study conducted over a long period of time
B) A study conducted at a single point in time
C) A study focusing on multiple variables
D) A study with a control group
Answer: B) A study conducted at a single point in time
19. What is the difference between a population and a sample in research?
A) A population is a subset of a sample.
B) A population includes all individuals or cases of interest, while a sample is a subset of the population.
C) A population and a sample are interchangeable terms.
D) A sample includes all individuals or cases of interest, while a population is a subset of the sample.
Answer: B) A population includes all individuals or cases of interest, while a sample is a subset of the population.
20. What is the purpose of a literature review in the early stages of research?
A) To present the researcher’s opinions on the topic
B) To summarize the research methodology
C) To identify gaps in existing knowledge
D) To collect primary data
Answer: C) To identify gaps in existing knowledge